{"id":1634,"date":"2026-02-28T11:25:48","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T11:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/cn\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-02-28T11:25:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T11:25:48","slug":"a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/cn\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"UML\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language\">\u7edf\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff08UML\uff09<\/a>\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u662f\u5efa\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014<strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u6709\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5305\u542b\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">UML\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u4e2d<\/a>, <strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u6216\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img alt=\"Include\u201d and \u201cExtend\u201d Use Cases - Visual Paradigm Blog\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/include-and-extend-use-case-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u901a\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3a\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u8fde\u63a5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u6807\u660e<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/span>\u6216<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/span>\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;include&gt;&gt;<\/span>)<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u76ee\u7684<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u8be5<strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4e14\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u907f\u514d\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5f3a\u5236\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u53ef\u91cd\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b80\u5316\u56fe\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u53d6\u516c\u5171\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u4e13\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>\uff1a\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u6307\u5411\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e00\u6761\u6807\u6709<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;<\/span>\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u5c06\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u793a\u4f8b1\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u8d2d\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u8d2d\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5ba2\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u4e0b\u5355<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u5355<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237<strong>\u767b\u5f55<\/strong>\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u4e0b\u5355<\/strong>, <strong>\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u5355<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>: \u767b\u5f55\u662f\u4e0b\u5355\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u5355\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u73b0\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684<strong>\u767b\u5f55<\/strong>\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e24\u8005\u5305\u542b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u56fe\u793a\u8868\u793a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u4e0b\u5355] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u767b\u5f55]\r\n[\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u5355] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u767b\u5f55]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u793a\u4f8b2\uff1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u501f\u4e66<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u8fd8\u4e66<\/strong>\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u9700\u8981<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u501f\u4e66<\/strong>, <strong>\u8fd8\u4e66<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>: \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u501f\u4e66\u8bc1\uff09\u662f\u501f\u4e66\u548c\u8fd8\u4e66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8be5<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/strong> \u7528\u4f8b\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5197\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong> \u56fe\u5f62\u8868\u793a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u501f\u4e66] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237]\r\n[\u8fd8\u4e66] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5fc5\u9009\u6b65\u9aa4\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u53d6\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u7528\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<strong>\u767b\u5f55<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u6269\u5c55&gt;&gt;<\/span>)<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u76ee\u7684<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u8be5<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u4ec5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u9009\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u53ef\u9009\/\u6761\u4ef6\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u4ec5\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u6269\u5c55\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>\uff1a\u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u6307\u5411\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u5411\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u6dfb\u52a0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e00\u6761\u6807\u6709<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/span> \u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9644\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u793a\u4f8b 1\uff1aATM \u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728 ATM \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u662f<strong>\u53d6\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c<strong>\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u51ed\u6761\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u53d6\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u53d6\u73b0\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7528\u6237\u660e\u786e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<strong>\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761<\/strong> \u7528\u4f8b\u5728\u201c\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u51ed\u6761\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u4e86<strong>\u53d6\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u56fe\u793a\u8868\u793a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761] ----&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u53d6\u73b0]rn\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6 = \u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u51ed\u6761\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u793a\u4f8b 2\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e73\u53f0<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5<strong>\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c<strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u5219\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>: <strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8be5<strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\u7528\u4f8b\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u201c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u201d\u5904\u6269\u5c55<strong>\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/strong>\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u201c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u201d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u56fe\u793a\u8868\u793a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u793a] ----&lt;&lt;\u6269\u5c55&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u9a8c]\r\n\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6 = \u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u6301\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5f53\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<strong>\u6253\u5370\u6536\u636e<\/strong>\u5728\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u53d6\u73b0<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Include \u4e0e Extend \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e0b\u8868\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86<strong>Include<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<colgroup>\n<col\/>\n<col\/>\n<col\/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u6807\u51c6<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b\uff08<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55\uff08<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u6269\u5c55&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5426\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u5426\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u76ee\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u4fc3\u8fdb\u91cd\u7528\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u9009\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7bad\u5934\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u57fa\u7840 \u2192 \u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u6269\u5c55 \u2192 \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u5b9e\u9645\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9910\u5385\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9910\u5385\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u9910\u5385\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u987e\u5ba2<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<strong>\u652f\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u7528\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\uff1a\u987e\u5ba2\u4ece\u83dc\u5355\u70b9\u9910\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u987e\u5ba2\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u5c31\u9910\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2\u8eab\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u5458\u8d26\u6237\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u652f\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355<\/strong>\uff1a\u987e\u5ba2\u652f\u4ed8\u8ba2\u5355\u8d39\u7528\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u9009\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba2\u5355\u6253\u5305\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5305\u542b<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d<\/strong>\u90fd\u9700\u8981<strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2\u8eab\u4efd<\/strong>\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u8fd8\u5305\u542b<strong>\u652f\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u5355\u540e\u652f\u4ed8\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>: <strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a<strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u987e\u5ba2\u9009\u62e9\u5916\u5e26\u98df\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u56fe\u793a\u8868\u793a<\/h3>\n<pre><code>[\u70b9\u9910] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2]\r\n[\u70b9\u9910] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u652f\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355]\r\n[\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d] ----&lt;&lt;\u5305\u542b&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2]\r\n[\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26] ----&lt;&lt;\u6269\u5c55&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u70b9\u9910]\r\n(\u6ce8\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6 = \u987e\u5ba2\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2<\/strong>\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\uff1a<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u9884\u8ba2\u684c\u4f4d<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u652f\u4ed8\u8d26\u5355<\/strong>\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba2\u5355\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26<\/strong>\u6269\u5c55\u4e86<strong>\u70b9\u9910<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9009\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u987e\u5ba2\u8bf7\u6c42\u5916\u5e26\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u542b\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u7b80\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u5c06\u5176\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u542b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fe\u8868\u53d8\u5f97\u6742\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6269\u5c55\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p 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dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5fc5\u9009\uff08\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9677\u9631<\/strong>: \u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u591a\u7684<strong>\u5305\u542b<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fe\u8868\u96be\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>: \u4ec5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9677\u9631<\/strong>: \u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c<strong>\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\u5bfc\u81f4\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>: \u59cb\u7ec8\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9677\u9631<\/strong>: \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>: 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href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/94\/2575\/6362_drawinguseca.html\">\u5982\u4f55\u7ed8\u5236\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\uff1f\u2014\u2014 Visual Paradigm<\/a><br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Paradigm \u521b\u5efa UML \u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\uff1f\u2014\u2014 Visual Paradigm<\/a><br \/>\n\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/94\/2575_usecasediagr.html\">Visual Paradigm \u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe<\/a><br \/>\n\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u4f8b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/circle.visual-paradigm.com\/docs\/uml-and-sysml\/use-case-diagram\/use-case-diagram-notations-guide\/\">\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u5357\u2014\u2014Visual Paradigm<\/a><br \/>\nVisual Paradigm \u652f\u6301\u7684 UML \u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/comprehensive-guide-to-creating-use-case-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/\">\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Paradigm \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357<\/a><br \/>\n\u5728 Visual Paradigm \u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/space\/umltutor\/UseCaseModeling\/\">Visual Paradigm \u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u7528\u4e8e UML\uff09\u2014\u2014Angelfire<\/a><br \/>\n\u89e3\u91ca\u5728 Visual Paradigm 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