{"id":1546,"date":"2026-02-16T04:44:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T04:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams-2\/"},"modified":"2026-02-16T04:44:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T04:44:31","slug":"a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-include-and-extend-relationships-in-uml-use-case-diagrams-2\/","title":{"rendered":"UML \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language\">\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (UML)<\/a>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940) \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u2014<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u2014\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">UML \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916<\/a>, <strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><img alt=\"Include\u201d and \u201cExtend\u201d Use Cases - Visual Paradigm Blog\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/include-and-extend-use-case-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong>: \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 <span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span> \u092f\u093e <span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span>\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span>)<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0926 <strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0932, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/strong>: \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>: \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930, \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong>: \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 <span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span> \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 1: \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, <strong>\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong>: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0917\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948,<strong>\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n[\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 2: \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092f\u093e<strong>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e) \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0939<strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n[\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0915\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <strong>\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0928<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (<span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924&gt;&gt;<\/span>)<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0926<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915\/\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong>: \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong>: \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0907\u0936\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 <span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 1: \u090f\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, <strong>\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong>: \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 <strong>\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u201c\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u201d \u092a\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;extend&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902]rn(\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 = \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 2: \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u091c\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong>: <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u201c\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u201d \u092a\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>[\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0902]\r\n(\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 = \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0915\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <strong>\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<table>\n<colgroup>\n<col\/>\n<col\/>\n<col\/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (<\/strong><span class=\"text-sm px-1 rounded-sm !font-mono bg-sunset\/10 text-rust dark:bg-dawn\/10 dark:text-dawn\">&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902&gt;&gt;<\/span><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093e\u0902, \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093e\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093e\u0902, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"border-border\">\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u2192 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2192 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0906\u0907\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u0942 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0949\u092f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 <strong>\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 <strong>\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: <strong>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/h3>\n<pre><code>[\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n[\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n[\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n[\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902] ----&lt;&lt;\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924&gt;&gt;----&gt; [\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902]\r\n(\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 = \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930<strong>\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0906\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947<\/h2>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u093e<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>) \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 (\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0932<\/strong>: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0932<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094b\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tight\" data-tight=\"true\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0932<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr\/>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u0926<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>UML \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926<strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0915\u0930, \u0906\u092a \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/94\/2575\/21179_documentingu.html\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/94\/2575\/6362_drawinguseca.html\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902? \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 UML \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/94\/2575_usecasediagr.html\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916<\/a><br \/>\n\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/circle.visual-paradigm.com\/docs\/uml-and-sysml\/use-case-diagram\/use-case-diagram-notations-guide\/\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 UML \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/comprehensive-guide-to-creating-use-case-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/space\/umltutor\/UseCaseModeling\/\">UML \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u2013 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0932\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923, \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/demystifying-use-case-models-bridging-textual-detail-and-visual-insight\/\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e: \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/VPGallery\/diagrams\/UseCase.html\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u2013 UML \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e<\/a><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (UML)\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 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