{"id":1966,"date":"2026-03-21T03:06:15","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T03:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/tw\/evaluating-design-quality-academic-projects-ooad\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T03:06:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T03:06:15","slug":"evaluating-design-quality-academic-projects-ooad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/tw\/evaluating-design-quality-academic-projects-ooad\/","title":{"rendered":"OOAD\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u54c1\u8cea\u8a55\u4f30"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

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\ud83e\uddf1 \u8a2d\u8a08\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1<\/h2>\n

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\ud83d\udce6 \u805a\u5408\u6027\uff1a\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h3>\n

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\u9ad8\u805a\u5408\u6027\u5177\u6709\u591a\u9805\u512a\u52e2\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u958b\u767c\u8005\u95b1\u8b80\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u53ef\u8f15\u6613\u79fb\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u50c5\u9700\u6975\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5728\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4e\u805a\u5408\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u7d93\u5e38\u5efa\u7acb\u300e\u795e\u985e\u300f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u7d44\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u8005\u61c9\u5c0b\u627e\u8077\u8cac\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u904e\u65bc\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u627f\u64d4\u904e\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd17 \u8026\u5408\u6027\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u76f8\u4f9d<\/h3>\n

    \u8026\u5408\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8edf\u9ad4\u6a21\u7d44\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f4e\u8026\u5408\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u7d44\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u56b4\u91cd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u7d30\u7bc0\u800c\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8026\u5408\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9762\u5411\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u76f8\u4f9d\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\uff1a<\/strong>\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u61c9\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4ecb\u9762\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u8b8a\u66f4\u4e0d\u61c9\u8feb\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u6e9d\u901a\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong>\u6a21\u7d44\u61c9\u900f\u904e\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u9032\u884c\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u9ad8\u8026\u5408\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u80fd\u96a8\u4e4b\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u751f\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u9eb5\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u56db\u8655\u6563\u843d\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u4ea4\u7e54\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u91cd\u69cb\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u2699\ufe0f SOLID\u539f\u5247<\/h2>\n

      SOLID\u539f\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u4e14\u7a69\u5065\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u5e38\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5168\u9762\u8a55\u4f30\u8a2d\u8a08\u54c1\u8cea\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

      1. \u55ae\u4e00\u8cac\u4efb\u539f\u5247\uff08SRP\uff09<\/h3>\n

      \u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u61c9\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e14\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u66f4\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u9019\u8207\u9ad8\u805a\u5408\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u61c9\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u540c\u6642\u8655\u7406\u5546\u696d\u908f\u8f2f\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u5247\u9055\u53cdSRP\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8b8a\u66f4\u4e0d\u61c9\u5c0e\u81f4\u5546\u696d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n

      2. \u958b\u653e\/\u5c01\u9589\u539f\u5247\uff08OCP\uff09<\/h3>\n

      \u8edf\u9ad4\u5be6\u9ad4\u61c9\u5c0d\u64f4\u5c55\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4fee\u6539\u5c01\u9589\u3002\u9019\u5141\u8a31\u5728\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u73fe\u6709\u5df2\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u65b0\u589e\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4fee\u6539\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u65b0\u589e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u985e\u5225\u6216\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

      3. \u9069\u7528\u6027\u66ff\u63db\u539f\u5247\uff08LSP\uff09<\/h3>\n

      \u7236\u985e\u5225\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u61c9\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u7834\u58de\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86\u7e7c\u627f\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u7236\u985e\u5225\u7684\u9810\u671f\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5247\u8a2d\u8a08\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u8005\u61c9\u6aa2\u67e5\u591a\u578b\u6027\u662f\u5426\u6309\u9810\u671f\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

      4. \u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u96e2\u539f\u5247\uff08ISP\uff09<\/h3>\n

      \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u8feb\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5927\u578b\u3001\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5c0f\u578b\u4e14\u5c08\u9580\u5316\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377\uff0c\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002<\/p>\n

      5. \u4f9d\u8cf4\u53cd\u8f49\u539f\u5247\uff08DIP\uff09<\/h3>\n

      \u9ad8\u968e\u6a21\u7d44\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4f4e\u968e\u6a21\u7d44\u3002\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u61c9\u4f9d\u8cf4\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u8026\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u793a\u61c9\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4ecb\u9762\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u6e2c\u8a66\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f48\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udcd0 \u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u5beb\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u5448\u73fe<\/h2>\n

      \u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u5beb\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u898f\u5283\u800c\u975e\u81e8\u6642\u69cb\u601d\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u5448\u73fe\u5c0d\u65bc\u50b3\u9054\u8907\u96dc\u95dc\u4fc2\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udcdd UML \u5716\u8868<\/h3>\n

      \u7d71\u4e00\u5851\u6a21\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08UML\uff09\u5716\u8868\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u8868\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u5176\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u985e\u5225\u5716\uff1a<\/strong> \u61c9\u6e96\u78ba\u53cd\u6620\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u5be6\u4f5c\u76f8\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9806\u5e8f\u5716\uff1a<\/strong> \u61c9\u986f\u793a\u7269\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9a57\u8b49\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u8655\u7406\u6642\u9593\u8207\u9806\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u5716\uff1a<\/strong> \u61c9\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u908a\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u9677\u9631\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8207\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u5716\u8868\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u898f\u5283\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u8005\u61c9\u6aa2\u8996\u8996\u89ba\u6a21\u578b\u8207\u539f\u59cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd0d \u8a55\u4f30\u6a19\u6e96\u6aa2\u67e5\u6e05\u55ae<\/h2>\n

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        \ud83d\udcbe \u786c\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u503c<\/h3>\n

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        \ud83e\udde9 \u9b54\u8853\u6578\u5b57<\/h3>\n

        \u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u6578\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 `if (status == 3)`\uff09\u96e3\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u3002\u61c9\u6539\u7528\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u6578\u6216\u5217\u8209\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u964d\u4f4e\u6578\u503c\u8b8a\u66f4\u6642\u51fa\u932f\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd12 \u904e\u5ea6\u516c\u958b\u5b58\u53d6<\/h3>\n

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        \ud83d\udd04 \u968e\u5c64\u5faa\u74b0\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/h3>\n

        \u7576\u985e\u5225 A \u4f9d\u8cf4\u985e\u5225 B\uff0c\u800c\u985e\u5225 B \u53c8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u985e\u5225 A \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5faa\u74b0\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u9019\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u8005\u61c9\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5716\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8ff4\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd04 \u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n

        \u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u7d93\u5e38\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u518d\u5617\u8a66\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u5beb\u6216\u91cd\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5148\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u300d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6280\u8853\u50b5\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
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          \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8207\u7a69\u5065\u6027\u8003\u91cf<\/h2>\n

          \u96d6\u7136\u8a2d\u8a08\u54c1\u8cea\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u652f\u63f4\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u5229\u7528\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7a69\u5065\u6027\u6aa2\u67e5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
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            \ud83d\udca1 \u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u601d\u8003<\/h2>\n

            \u8a55\u4f30\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u539f\u5247\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u4e4b\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u9019\u5728\u65bc\u8a8d\u53ef\u70ba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u4e14\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8026\u5408\u3001\u5167\u805a\u6027\u4ee5\u53caSOLID\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u56de\u994b\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b78\u751f\u6e96\u5099\u9762\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n

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