{"id":1759,"date":"2026-03-30T22:02:35","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T22:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/timing-diagrams-code-hardware-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T22:02:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T22:02:35","slug":"timing-diagrams-code-hardware-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/timing-diagrams-code-hardware-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian: C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh, bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng logic. Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd, b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec5u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t (firmware) bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (silicon) bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 treo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udcca C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

\u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, logic s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cCao\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 3,3 volt, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cTh\u1ea5p\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 0 volt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang, di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4garit, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch logic.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, ch\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ea5p sang Cao (c\u1ea1nh l\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c Cao sang Th\u1ea5p (c\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng). C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong logic tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
  • Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t xung ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa Cao v\u00e0 Th\u1ea5p. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3. Ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd70\ufe0f Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1ch chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong mi\u1ec1n nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n cho mi\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, g\u00e2y ra vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1eef (hold violation).<\/p>\n

    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 (Clock Skew):<\/strong>S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eedi so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn, kho\u1ea3ng an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n
    • D\u1ecbch pha (Phase Shift):<\/strong>\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf gi\u1eefa chu k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n
    • Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng (Jitter):<\/strong>S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i dung sai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      \u2699\ufe0f C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ed5 tay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (datasheets), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnhtr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em>c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/td>\nN\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m, flip-flop nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnhsau<\/em>c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/td>\nN\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m, flip-flop c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 lan truy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u00edch l\u0169y qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng logic, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/td>\n\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eaft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i bus<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i bus t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ra sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bus hai chi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 I2C ho\u1eb7c 1-Wire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 99% th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udc40 \u0110\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00f3ng<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>T\u00ecm s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ed7i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u1eaft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
      • Theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3?<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110o th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cCao\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt:<\/strong> C\u00e1c xung gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c nguy c\u01a1 logic g\u00e2y ra.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi byte ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c byte n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tham v\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd0c C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Giao th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        UART<\/strong><\/td>\nBit b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, theo sau l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bit d\u1eebng. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n (baud rate).<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i bit do sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eedi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        I2C<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u00e2y SCL v\u00e0 SDA. C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o l\u00ean. SDA ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian SCL \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/td>\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eef bus ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 g\u00e2y ra th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        SPI<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t theo c\u1ea1nh (thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp CPOL\/CPHA).<\/td>\nC\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Ng\u1eaft GPIO<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn theo c\u1ea1nh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong h\u00e0m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u1eaft (ISR).<\/td>\nB\u1ecf s\u00f3t ng\u1eaft do th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong SPI, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o (latch) \u1edf c\u1ea1nh l\u00ean hay c\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc sai. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba sai s\u00f3t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd0d G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

        Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian. G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn flip-flop qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c Cao, m\u1ee9c Th\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh:<\/strong> Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu hai t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sai. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u00f3ng vu\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
        • Vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\/duy tr\u00ec:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

          Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau khi t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng\/gi\u1ea3m chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
          • Ghi nh\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
          • Bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 Chip Select ho\u1eb7c Enable) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 thang th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 micro gi\u00e2y, nano gi\u00e2y hay chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3?<\/li>\n
          • Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 khi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u201cthu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i\u201d. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1? S\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi l\u1ec7nh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t? Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            \ud83c\udf21\ufe0f C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

            Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a silicon suy gi\u1ea3m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf 25\u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf 85\u00b0C.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 sinh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ea3i:<\/strong> D\u00e2y d\u00e0i th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n dung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng xung nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t g\u00f3c \u201ct\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 X\u00e1c minh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ebd th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

              Khi x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi D\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u1ea1y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang l\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                X\u00e1c minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1eaft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng lu\u00f4n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\udd17 Giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa Logic v\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

                Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa logic v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Logic quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra; v\u1eadt l\u00fd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. B\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00fd do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb treo v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t bus truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Xem ch\u00fang nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. Khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh, bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng logic. Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u23f1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. 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