{"id":1811,"date":"2026-03-27T00:21:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T00:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/level-0-1-2-data-flow-diagrams-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T00:21:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T00:21:24","slug":"level-0-1-2-data-flow-diagrams-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/level-0-1-2-data-flow-diagrams-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1 v\u00e0 2: Khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc cho t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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\"Educational<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh logic, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n theo nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    \ud83c\udf0d C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

    \ud83c\udfaf Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u2699\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • M\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cC\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho\u201d.\n
          \n
        • L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udcdd T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

          X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n\u201d. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m \u201cTh\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u201d, \u201cTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p S\u00e1ch\u201d. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u S\u00e1ch m\u1edbi\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u201cM\u01b0\u1ee3n S\u00e1ch\u201d t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ai giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udd04 M\u1ee9c 1: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n

          \ud83c\udfaf Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1ee9c 1<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
          • L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c API.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u2699\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u1ee9c 0 th\u00e0nh 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 quy tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00eam.<\/li>\n
            • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ee9c 1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udcdd T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

              Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1 chia \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cM\u01b0\u1ee3n S\u00e1ch\u201d, \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea1t\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cDanh m\u1ee5c S\u00e1ch\u201d. Lu\u1ed3ng \u201cM\u01b0\u1ee3n S\u00e1ch\u201d t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cDanh m\u1ee5c S\u00e1ch\u201d \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udd2c M\u1ee9c 2: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\udd2c<\/h2>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 2 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2; ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

              \ud83c\udfaf Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1ee9c 2<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
              • Logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
              • Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u2699\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cM\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u201cX\u00e1c minh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean,\u201d \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea1o bi\u00ean lai.\u201d\n
                    \n
                  • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh con \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
                  • Logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cN\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udcdd T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

                    Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea1t\u201d t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cT\u00ednh s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n,\u201d \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n.\u201d C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic t\u00ednh ph\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:\u201cCh\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh)<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 (Cao c\u1ea5p)<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 (Chi ti\u1ebft)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                    Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong><\/td>\nTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nC\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9<\/td>\nBi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 (Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\nKho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, Ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/td>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/td>\nL\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nLogic & D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                    1. Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

                    Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 sang M\u1ee9c 1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau. N\u1ebfu M\u1ee9c 0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d \u0111ang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec M\u1ee9c 1 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111i v\u00e0o \u201cQuy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                    2. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-Danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                    • D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      3. Tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2y nh\u1ee3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                      4. Kh\u00f4ng giao ti\u1ebfp ch\u00e9o<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ecdi giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

                      5. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf M\u1ee9c 2, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                      Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
                      • Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sinh ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n
                      • H\u1ed1 x\u00e1m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 logic b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
                      • Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm:<\/strong> V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi M\u1ee9c 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> B\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udccb Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

                        B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n

                        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

                        T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Logic chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

                        Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 1 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

                        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t DFD l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 DFD n\u00e0o. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83e\udd1d T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

                        C\u00e1c DFD kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD):<\/strong> DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n; ERD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong DFD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1eddi gian lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

                          Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
                          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                            D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc cho \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1, 2: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1 v\u00e0 2. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1, 2: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1 v\u00e0 2. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/level-0-1-2-data-flow-diagrams-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1, 2: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, 1 v\u00e0 2. 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