{"id":1815,"date":"2026-03-26T22:43:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T22:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/validating-system-requirements-through-dfd-walkthroughs\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T22:43:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T22:43:31","slug":"validating-system-requirements-through-dfd-walkthroughs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/validating-system-requirements-through-dfd-walkthroughs\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: X\u00e1c minh Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua C\u00e1c Cu\u1ed9c \u0110i B\u1ed9 Xem x\u00e9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 logic tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t DFD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n phi\u00ean x\u00e1c minh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng logic m\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t x\u00e1c minh, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 DFD n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

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  • Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e1c minh, m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang cho bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean, ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh.<\/li>\n
  • Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t DFD, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a X\u00e1c minh Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n

    X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. Trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, th\u00ec DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh x\u1eed. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua?<\/p>\n

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    • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i logic trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c Giao di\u1ec7n B\u1ecb Thi\u1ebfu:<\/strong> C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cg\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t DFD bu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
    • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 C\u00e1c Thay \u0111\u1ed5i Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c DFD kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u S\u1ef1 M\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ebd \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u sai h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cth\u00eam qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec logic ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udccb Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho M\u1ed9t Cu\u1ed9c \u0110i B\u1ed9 Xem x\u00e9t Th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. V\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

      1. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      • L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c minh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Chia s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c logic. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0), th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang M\u1ee9c 1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

        3. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ID y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

        4. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

        G\u1eedi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 24 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia xem x\u00e9t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udeb6 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00f3m \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctheo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ec3m tra lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        2. Theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        3. X\u00e1c minh logic qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        4. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, x\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        5. X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i API kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
        6. \u0110\u00f3ng v\u00f2ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c; ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

          Kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu logic ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          L\u1ed7 x\u00e1m<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/td>\nNg\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00f3 logic \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. R\u1ee7i ro cao v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Vi ph\u1ea1m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha.<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o kho nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ra, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/td>\nNg\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u sai ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i k\u00e8m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udcc8 \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c minh<\/h2>\n

          L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u1ef1c quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 100% bao ph\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ID y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00eam.<\/li>\n
          • S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> Sau bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u1eafn. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra sau khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh t\u1ed1t n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong gi\u1eefa d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udd04 Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n theo th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo ch\u00fang. Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

            M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DFD \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 l\u00fd do. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 Agile<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i sprint ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o cho t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sprint.<\/p>\n

            T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111en ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh logic kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

            Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Th\u1ef1c thi ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1ec7ch sang chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cCh\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng SQL hay NoSQL?\u201d), h\u00e3y ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
            • Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng:<\/strong> Sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, h\u00e3y ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc im l\u1eb7ng, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
            • Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> M\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd do. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tranh c\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
            • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd xung \u0111\u1ed9t:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cAi s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udd17 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD):<\/strong> Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. So s\u00e1nh ch\u00e9o c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng trong ERD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110ang ch\u1edd\u201d sang \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao\u201d). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong DFD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ERD x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khung ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                \ud83c\udfc1 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

                Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh logic tr\u1ef1c quan, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1816,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua C\u00e1c Bu\u1ed5i \u0110i b\u1ed9 quanh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nKi\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua C\u00e1c Bu\u1ed5i \u0110i b\u1ed9 quanh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i b\u1ed9 quanh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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