{"id":1840,"date":"2026-03-26T00:45:01","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T00:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/project-scope-definition-control-data-flow-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T00:45:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T00:45:01","slug":"project-scope-definition-control-data-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/project-scope-definition-control-data-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ph\u1ea1m vi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m g\u00ec, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c quan, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. DFD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng DFD v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft Bu\u1ed9c \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea1m vi, ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi, tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Kho D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udd0d<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/li>\n
    • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c module ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
    • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c module c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Ph\u1ea1m vi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t DFD chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong DFD l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 C\u00e1c M\u1ed1c Ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udea9<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m neo c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m vi. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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      • N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
      • N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n. Giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
      • N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, th\u00ec tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m vi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ranh gi\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83d\uded1<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Trong ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p.<\/li>\n
        • Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. N\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed9p, th\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed9p, th\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea3ng: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Ph\u1ea1m vi so v\u1edbi K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD<\/th>\nH\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3)<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Logic x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh)<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf (Kho)<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m vi trong DFDs \ud83d\udd3b<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf DFD s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m vi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 1 cho chi ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n

            Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0129 m\u00f4, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho. M\u1ed7i kho \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p tin.<\/li>\n
            • M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn lu\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1eb1ng DFDs \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u. DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

              Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udcc9<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n v\u00e0o DFD hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: ‘Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u00fat’. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng n\u00fat n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi. Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef:<\/strong> Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • Quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Gi\u1eef cho DFD lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

                  Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

                  Duy tr\u00ec ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n
                  • N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba (gold-plating).<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 so s\u00e1nh DFD hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea1m vi ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                    DFD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; ch\u00fang d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                    Ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t \ud83d\udcca<\/h3>\n

                    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed7i m\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • M\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> REQ-001<\/li>\n
                    • M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                    • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD:<\/strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh 2.1 (T\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh)<\/li>\n
                    • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>\u0110ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u2705<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o DFD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t.<\/li>\n
                      • L\u1ed7 \u0111en:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y logic b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
                      • Lu\u1ed3ng ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong tri\u1ec3n khai \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u01a1n tru. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                        R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 khi v\u1ebd m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Quy t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, \u0111\u1eebng bao g\u1ed3m n\u00f3 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                          C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Nh\u00e3n x\u1ea5u:<\/strong>\u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d<\/li>\n
                          • Nh\u00e3n t\u1ed1t:<\/strong>\u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 L\u01b0u \u0110\u01a1n H\u00e0ng Kh\u00e1ch H\u00e0ng\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cL\u01b0u tr\u1eef\u201d.<\/p>\n

                            Xem t\u0129nh so v\u1edbi xem \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

                            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p. Ph\u1ea1m vi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                            Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

                            C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                            T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\udcd0<\/h3>\n

                            T\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng, \u00edt quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh, \u00edt b\u1ea3ng. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1ed3ng \ud83d\udccf<\/h3>\n

                              \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 lu\u1ed3ng, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con.<\/li>\n
                              • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                                M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p 0.<\/li>\n
                                • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 song song v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m vi trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                                  T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
                                    \n
                                  • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n
                                  • Xem x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi ph\u1ea1m vi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                                  • X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/li>\n
                                  • Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m g\u00ec, s\u1ef1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ph\u1ea1m vi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ph\u1ea1m vi D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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