{"id":1874,"date":"2026-03-25T03:22:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T03:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/refactoring-designs-better-structure-ooad\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T03:22:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T03:22:26","slug":"refactoring-designs-better-structure-ooad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/refactoring-designs-better-structure-ooad\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD: T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy gi\u1ea3m. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e9o m\u00f3. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 logic kinh doanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\ud83e\uddf1 C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, th\u00ec n\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 thay v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c module c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c module c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Chia t\u00e1ch giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Thay th\u1ebf Liskov:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp con m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u00f9i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n

    T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. M\u00f9i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f9i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u00f9i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nH\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c d\u00e0i<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u00e0m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\nChia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u1edbp Ch\u00faa<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t l\u1edbp bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c sang l\u1edbp m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u1edbp D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/td>\nTh\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o l\u1edbp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/td>\nLogic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i.<\/td>\nTr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t logic chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Switch<\/strong><\/td>\nLogic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi.<\/td>\nThay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Khi m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp Th\u1ea7n<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. Khi M\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a. X\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

    1. Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

    K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi. L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t. Di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t L\u1edbp:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1edbi. Di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai l\u1edbp n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

      S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 sai. \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean Bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ean flag<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh isActive<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0 x\u1eedL\u00fdD\u1eefLi\u1ec7u<\/code> thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1cTh\u1ef1cD\u1eefLi\u1ec7uNg\u01b0\u1eddiD\u00f9ng<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u1edbp:<\/strong> T\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 D\u1ecbchV\u1ee5<\/code>, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh M\u00e1yT\u00ednh<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

        Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed sai. Di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, h\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
        • Chuy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, h\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham s\u1ed1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1, h\u00e3y nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

          Logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c refactoring n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac if-else<\/code> ho\u1eb7c switch<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
          • Thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 ma thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1:<\/strong> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00fang m\u00e3:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y nh\u00fang m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 trung gian kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83e\uddea \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh refactoring<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, refactoring ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ee3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d sang \u201ct\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udcb0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

              Refactoring l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i gi\u1edd d\u00e0nh cho refactoring l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung refactoring v\u00e0o c\u00e1c module th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a logic quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o m\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n
              • Quy t\u1eafc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 m\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Khi thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n refactoring nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
              • D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho refactoring:<\/strong> D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n nghi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
              • Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao refactoring l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u1ecf qua n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 theo th\u1eddi gian. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thao t\u00e1c. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1edbm s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111ang s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\udd04 Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

                Refactoring kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                2. Ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                3. \u1ee6ng h\u1ed9:<\/strong>L\u01b0u ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/li>\n
                4. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83c\udf1f K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

                  Duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p khung n\u1ec1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Refactoring l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh refactoring l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1875,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Refactoring Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch refactoring c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc SOLID, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[87,93],"class_list":["post-1874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nRefactoring Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch refactoring c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc SOLID, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/refactoring-designs-better-structure-ooad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Refactoring Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch refactoring c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. 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