{"id":1876,"date":"2026-03-25T00:19:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T00:19:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/managing-change-impact-data-flow-diagram-baselines\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T00:19:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T00:19:12","slug":"managing-change-impact-data-flow-diagram-baselines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/managing-change-impact-data-flow-diagram-baselines\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng Thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c C\u01a1 s\u1edf D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ‘s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt’ v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o, ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i l\u1ea1c trong m\u00ea cung nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao C\u00e1c C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ea1i Quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng?’ M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y khi duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u00f3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i h\u1ed3i quy:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.<\/li>\n
  • Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n vi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p g\u00e2y ra thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp C\u01a1 s\u1edf Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan then ch\u1ed1t r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. K\u00ea khai C\u00e1c Quy tr\u00ecnh Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
    2. X\u00e1c minh \u0110\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/strong>\u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    3. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: v1.0.0) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
    4. Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u00fd duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n
    5. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>L\u01b0u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ‘ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt’. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udea8<\/h2>\n

      Khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n

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      • N\u1ed9p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan n\u1ed9p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n
      • Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u01a1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t\/T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
      • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
      • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        • Logic quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        • Giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Lu\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro m\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>\nPh\u1ea1m vi<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nSo s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 DFD v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c an ninh<\/td>\nNghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy v\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

          Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ebft n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ‘hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbm’, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

            C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (Delta):<\/strong> R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
            • T\u0103ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
            • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

              1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng logic quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

              2. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0a th\u1edbt<\/h3>\n

              Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n ngay khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              3. B\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ‘T\u1ea1i sao’<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n theo d\u00f5i ‘c\u00e1i g\u00ec’ v\u00e0 ‘c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c’. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ghi l\u1ea1i ‘t\u1ea1i sao’. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              4. Thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c ghi \u0111\u00e8 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ti\u1ebfp cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83d\udce2<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n DFD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

              Khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ‘Tr\u01b0\u1edbc’ v\u00e0 ‘Sau’ c\u1ea1nh nhau.<\/li>\n
              • Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>N\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khung qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khung qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong ghi ch\u00fa ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tri\u1ec3n khai bi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. C\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcb0<\/h2>\n

                  T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf DFD? Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen t\u0103ng l\u00ean:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                  • N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \ud83c\udf31<\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t sau:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh khi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
                    • Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD.<\/li>\n
                    • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0169. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                    • V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                      Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1edfi m\u1edf, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc neo gi\u1eef cho con t\u00e0u lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

                      \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay h\u00f4m nay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e1c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1877,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng Thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng C\u00e1c B\u1ea3n C\u01a1 s\u1edf S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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