{"id":1890,"date":"2026-03-24T08:19:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T08:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-fundamentals-business-analysis\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T08:19:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T08:19:37","slug":"data-flow-diagram-fundamentals-business-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-fundamentals-business-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Kinh doanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh hay m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DFD, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi hoa m\u1ef9, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong> N\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o “\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec” thay v\u00ec “c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c”.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong> N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch) \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (ngu\u1ed3n) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac (\u0111\u00edch) cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/li>\n
    • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
    • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh (Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d, \u201cX\u00e1c minh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d, \u201cT\u1ea1o B\u00e1o c\u00e1o.\u201d<\/li>\n
      • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n
      • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef) \ud83d\udcc1<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho h\u00e0ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, T\u1ec7p l\u01b0u kho, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
        • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song.<\/li>\n
        • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng) \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n,\u201d \u201cChi ti\u1ebft thanh to\u00e1n,\u201d \u201cTruy v\u1ea5n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.\u201d<\/li>\n
          • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tra c\u1ee9u nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\nQuy t\u1eafc k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nV\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nPh\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa Entiti n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Entiti kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 DFD \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0) \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 1 \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
              • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n \ud83e\uddf1<\/h3>\n

                Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00eam x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1 v\u1eabn qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 2 chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> Logic chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

                  N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 0 nh\u1eadn ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n’, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n’ nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

                  Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. V\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                  1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

                  X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                  2. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

                  Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u1edf vi\u1ec1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                  3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                  X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 logic.<\/p>\n

                  4. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                  K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n qua n\u00f3. Tr\u00e1nh giao nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                  5. Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

                  Ki\u1ec3m tra theo quy t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

                  Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                  T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb theo sau l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1eef t\u00ean ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cL\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cChi ti\u1ebft H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cG\u1eedi H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      T\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1eadp tin \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cDanh s\u00e1ch Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                      • Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                        Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        1. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u treo<\/h3>\n

                        M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • S\u1eeda:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          2. L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/h3>\n

                          M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • S\u1eeda:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                            M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • S\u1eeda:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              4. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

                              D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • S\u1eeda:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                5. Chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm<\/h3>\n

                                B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea5p 1.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • S\u1eeda:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                  T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi Agile<\/h3>\n

                                  Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cv\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                                  Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

                                  M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

                                  Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                                  Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m xa c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh xem kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                  C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \ud83d\udccf<\/h2>\n

                                  M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd xong, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                  C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n

                                  Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan. Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo d\u00f5i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng” t\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                  Tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                                  So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                                  Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                                  Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng trong ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ea5p 2. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

                                  Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                                  C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                                  Thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi thao t\u00e1c ghi<\/h3>\n

                                  Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed”), trong khi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c ghi ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “L\u01b0u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng”). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 hai, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n ghi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                  L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi so v\u1edbi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n

                                  Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t kho t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo l\u00f4, trong khi kho v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                                  K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                                  Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                  T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi. X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. 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