{"id":1894,"date":"2026-03-24T05:43:01","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/why-object-oriented-thinking-matters\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T05:43:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:43:01","slug":"why-object-oriented-thinking-matters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/why-object-oriented-thinking-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD: T\u1ea1i sao T\u01b0 duy H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00facT\u01b0 duy H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7aPh\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD)<\/strong>. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb h\u00e0m n\u00e0y sang h\u00e0m kh\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: T\u1eeb Quy tr\u00ecnh sang Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u2699\ufe0f\u27a1\ufe0f\ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/em>. N\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ghi \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. T\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oai<\/em>v\u00e0n\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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  • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0processOrder<\/code> nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9tOrder<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7pcalculateTax<\/code> th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebft quy t\u1eafc thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi OOAD. Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (danh t\u1eeb) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang (\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo d\u00f5i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    1. Bao \u0111\u00f3ng: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n

    Bao \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o n\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

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    • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u00e3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code>t\u00ednh l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
    • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy:<\/strong>\u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hay n\u00ean \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a: \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Trong OOAD, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

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      • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
      • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NotificationSystem<\/code>kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua Email<\/code>hay SMS<\/code>. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy:<\/strong>\u201cT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \ud83c\udf33<\/h3>\n

        K\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

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        • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi chung.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code> l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), trong khi \u00d4 t\u00f4<\/code> v\u00e0 Xe t\u1ea3i<\/code> k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
        • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy:<\/strong> \u201cLi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u kia kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. \u0110a h\u00ecnh: H\u00e0nh vi linh ho\u1ea1t \ud83c\udfad<\/h3>\n

          \u0110a h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m code tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh do logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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          • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edf\/\u0111\u00f3ng (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i).<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t render<\/code> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/code> so v\u1edbi H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi render()<\/code>.<\/li>\n
          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy:<\/strong> \u201cLi\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0m.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean n\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0m v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft th\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qua c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m.<\/td>\nD\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/strong><\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u00e0m.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5 khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            1. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n

            Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c h\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u00edt x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            2. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef k\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

            3. C\u00e1ch ly thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

            Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a OOAD n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sang c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a theo Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (DDD).<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong> T\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng<\/code>, th\u00ec m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i DataContainer3<\/code>.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c M\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ID) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1eabu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ‘M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng’, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 logic. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sai. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n

              1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

              T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

              2. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> c\u0169ng x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi email, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

              3. L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/h3>\n

              K\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp cha, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

              4. B\u1ecf qua logic mi\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 logic v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a OOAD. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

              T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

              Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. T\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u00ednh module:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00edt xung \u0111\u1ed9t g\u1ed9p m\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee5c l\u1ecdi qua c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> An to\u00e0n h\u01a1n khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n khi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c b\u00ean g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n OOAD \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                T\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h3>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y. H\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y thao t\u00e1c?\u201d<\/p>\n

                Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

                Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3<\/em> thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Gi\u1eef cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u00e1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n

                Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c sang t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 s\u1eeda nhanh m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cam k\u1ebft m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thay v\u00ec \u00e9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang vi\u1ebft m\u00e3; b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong OOAD \ud83e\udde0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[87,93],"class_list":["post-1894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong OOAD \ud83e\udde0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. 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