{"id":1924,"date":"2026-03-23T09:47:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-review-checkpoints-project-delivery\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T09:47:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:47:33","slug":"data-flow-diagram-review-checkpoints-project-delivery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-review-checkpoints-project-delivery\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Khi vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n giao, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c tester. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Hand-drawn whiteboard infographic illustrating Data Flow Diagram review checkpoints for project delivery, featuring DFD hierarchy levels (Context\/Level 0, Level 1, Level 2), four core verification areas (external entities, process logic, data flow directionality, data store management), validation rules table with common errors (black hole, miracle, ghost flow, unbalanced flow), security considerations, and final verification checklist, all rendered in colorful marker-style sketches on a whiteboard background for intuitive system analysis guidance\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dfd-review-checkpoints-whiteboard-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 1:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 2:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 1. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>1. X\u00e1c minh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, duy nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n chung chung nh\u01b0<em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0<em>\u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c<em>\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 1. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Logic qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong>T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m <em>\u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>\u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d<\/em>. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 1.0, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 1.1, 1.2, v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac, trong khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung. Thay v\u00ec <em>\u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d<\/em>, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>\u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>\u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. M\u0169i t\u00ean hai chi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p truy v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <em>\u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng th\u00f4\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0o, <em>\u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d<\/em> ra).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kho, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd logic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Logic l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi hay v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n? C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang n\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n lu\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0<em>\u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 t\u1ea1o ra<em>\u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 2 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra<em>\u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<table style=\"min-width: 75px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hay th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng ma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>M\u1ee9c 1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. DFD theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o di chuy\u1ec3n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao. M\u1ee9c 0 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 1 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. Logic chi ti\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c 2 ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p while ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh doanh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em>, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh n\u00f3i <em>\u201cC\u00f3\u201d<\/em>? Hay \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng logic l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a Th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PII) ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, l\u00fd do ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t. Ghi l\u1ea1i ai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o, ng\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t, s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p, \u0110ang xem x\u00e9t, \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c (g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng) cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong>\u0110i d\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan then ch\u1ed1t. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>G\u00f3i b\u00e0n giao:<\/strong> T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i duy nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00e9m \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m r\u00f5 logic m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>V\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch:<\/strong>C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n trong chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u00c1c m\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m tra \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<p>Cam k\u1ebft tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Khi vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn giai&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1925,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-review-checkpoints-project-delivery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. 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