{"id":1938,"date":"2026-03-22T10:06:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T10:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-store-design-principles-dfd-modeling\/"},"modified":"2026-03-22T10:06:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T10:06:08","slug":"data-store-design-principles-dfd-modeling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/data-store-design-principles-dfd-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong DFD, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Whimsical infographic illustrating data store design principles for Data Flow Diagram modeling, featuring naming conventions, connectivity rules, granularity guidelines, read-write access patterns, DFD level decomposition, common pitfalls to avoid, and validation checklist with playful cartoon illustrations, treasure chest data stores, robot processes, and pastel watercolor style\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/whimsical-dfd-data-store-principles-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83c\udff7\ufe0f \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho tr\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng song song, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<em>\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i<em>c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em>n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcdd Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>1. S\u1ed1 \u00edt so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u01b0u ti\u00ean danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,<em>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>) trong khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,<em>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,<em>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, <em>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <em>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0 <em>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>Th\u00f4ng tin<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u1ea5u:<\/strong> <em>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t:<\/strong> <em>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0110ang Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Th\u00ec v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Giao d\u1ecbch<\/em> ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0110ang Ch\u1edd<\/em> ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd17 Quy t\u1eafc K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc logic nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o kho (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u01b0u b\u1ea3n ghi m\u1edbi).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kho (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: truy xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ma qu\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1eebng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung gian. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sai:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa<em>Kho A<\/em>tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn<em>Kho B<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00fang:<\/strong> <em>Quy tr\u00ecnh X<\/em>\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb<em>Kho A<\/em>, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ghi v\u00e0o<em>Kho B<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng logic kinh doanh, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n. Nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n qua ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb<em>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn<em>Kho \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0<em>Chi ti\u1ebft \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb<em>Kho \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn<em>Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n <em>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83c\udfaf \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kho l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, trong khi qu\u00e1 \u00edt t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Nh\u00f3m theo th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 logic. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c kho ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn logic l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi<\/h3>\n<p>Xem x\u00e9t xem m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hay ghi. C\u00e1c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kho nh\u01b0 <em>M\u00e3 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kho nh\u01b0 <em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ghi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp, ngay c\u1ea3 khi DFD v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic.<\/p>\n<h3>3. T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi so v\u1edbi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kho d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef phi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong> C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c kho t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t kho t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a sau khi quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd04 Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t <em>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb <em>Kho h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch, tr\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd thao t\u00e1c ghi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 ghi<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t <em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh ghi v\u00e0o <em>Kho ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> <em>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho<\/em> \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed3n kho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f3a hay ghi l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3). Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/h3>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u00fd do:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/h3>\n<p>Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kho nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> <em>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh<em>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/em> v\u00e0<em>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/em> \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u1eeda:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec (ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u).<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>Khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 1 sang M\u1ee9c 2, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf M\u1ee9c 2, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 logic, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcda \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic. C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong DFD ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong ERD.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu DFD c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <em>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>, th\u00ec ERD ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <em>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd0d Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/th>\n<th>M\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n<th>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ean kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed7i kho ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa kho ch\u1ee9a v\u1edbi kho ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea5p cha kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kho ch\u1ee9a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169:<\/strong> L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169 khi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kho ch\u1ee9a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kho ch\u1ee9a. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh, h\u00e3y g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i khi quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcdd K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u logic v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi DFD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho ch\u1ee9a DFD \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[87,89],"class_list":["post-1938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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