{"id":2014,"date":"2026-03-26T03:45:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T03:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/timing-diagrams-beginners-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T03:45:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T03:45:28","slug":"timing-diagrams-beginners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tech-posts.com\/vi\/timing-diagrams-beginners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt V\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi Gian: H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi V\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi Gian"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. D\u00f9 \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hay g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi Gian L\u00e0 G\u00ec? \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c ngang, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i logic c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Cao (1) ho\u1eb7c Th\u1ea5p (0). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ee5c Th\u1eddi Gian:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang, di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c D\u00f2ng T\u00edn Hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, bus ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (c\u1ea1nh l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh xu\u1ed1ng).<\/li>\n
  • Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>T\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh cho m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 thu th\u1eadp n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa logic tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi Gian \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    1. T\u00edn Hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3 \u23f0<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng vu\u00f4ng. Chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Chu k\u1ef3 (T):<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (f):<\/strong>S\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (Hz).<\/li>\n
    • Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c Cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. T\u00edn Hi\u1ec7u D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcbe<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mang th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 song song ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Th\u1eddi gian Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u1eddi gian Gi\u1eef:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau c\u1ea1nh xung nh\u1ecbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \ud83c\udf9b\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Chip Select, Write Enable ho\u1eb7c Reset \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea1ch ngang) ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cao.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1ecbp duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\nB\u1ed9 nh\u1edb thanh ghi CPU, giao di\u1ec7n SDRAM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu nh\u1ecbp to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c.<\/td>\nI2C, UART, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i bus h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1eaft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

        Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thanh ghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn thanh ghi kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean cao, b\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201cCh\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng xung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i thay v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (tsu<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n

        Th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecbp, flip-flop nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Vi ph\u1ea1m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tsu<\/sub><\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef (th<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n

          Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau c\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Vi ph\u1ea1m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 nhanh sau c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t th<\/sub><\/em> sau c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Th\u1eddi gian lan truy\u1ec1n (tpd<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng logic ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd logic:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00ean trong vi m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Sai l\u1ec7ch \u26a1<\/h3>\n

              Sai l\u1ec7ch x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Sai l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3:<\/strong> T\u00ecm t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
              2. Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng (0 sang 1) hay c\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3m (1 sang 0).<\/li>\n
              3. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i so v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
              4. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1eb3ng trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef.<\/li>\n
              5. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong> \u0110o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ngang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t chip b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111ang ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • M\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t Ghi<\/strong> t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
                • M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong> c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sau khi c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
                • M\u1ed9t xung Ghi<\/strong> xung cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thao t\u00e1c ghi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  C\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u274c<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00fang trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n<\/h3>\n

                  Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef, flip-flop c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 cao hay th\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn trong th\u1eddi gian mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi hai t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kia, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                  S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt<\/h3>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng xung ng\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 lan truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh logic song song g\u00e2y ra. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                  Th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \ud83d\udce1<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                  SPI (Giao di\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i vi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp)<\/h3>\n

                  SPI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 (SCK), \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 (MOSI) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 (MISO). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a SPI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Khi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                  • Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu (bit cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c bit th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    I2C (M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean k\u1ebft)<\/h3>\n

                    I2C s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 (SCL) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (SDA). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1edf ngu\u1ed3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o n\u00f3 l\u00ean cao. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a I2C r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> SDA chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p trong khi SCL \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eebng:<\/strong> SDA chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao trong khi SCL \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/li>\n
                    • ACK\/NACK:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      UART (B\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng)<\/h3>\n

                      UART l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i bit. Bit b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o khung, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bit ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bit d\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian \u2705<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho sai s\u1ed1:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n
                      • X\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (ns, \u00b5s) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                        Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng, th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. \u1ede t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                        \u0110\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                        S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        Jitter<\/h3>\n

                        Jitter l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Jitter cao l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh \u201cm\u1edd\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cnh\u00f2e\u201d thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                        M\u1ea1ch kh\u00f3a pha (PLL)<\/h3>\n

                        C\u00e1c PLL \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cho PLL th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec5u pha, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

                        T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1. Ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i logic tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t:<\/strong>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                        • Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 lan truy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/li>\n
                        • C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          D\u00f9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. D\u00f9 \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2015,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u23f1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[87,92],"class_list":["post-2014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u23f1\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef. 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